English

The sum-product problem for small sets

Combinatorics 2025-01-29 v2 Number Theory

Abstract

For ARA\subseteq \mathbb{R}, let A+A={a+b:a,bA}A+A=\{a+b: a,b\in A\} and AA={ab:a,bA}AA=\{ab: a,b\in A\}. For kNk\in \mathbb{N}, let SP(k)SP(k) denote the minimum value of max{A+A,AA}\max\{|A+A|, |AA|\} over all ANA\subseteq \mathbb{N} with A=k|A|=k. Here we establish SP(k)=3k3SP(k)=3k-3 for 2k72\leq k \leq 7, the k=7k=7 case achieved for example by {1,2,3,4,6,8,12}\{1,2,3,4,6,8,12\}, while SP(k)=3k2SP(k)=3k-2 for k=8,9k=8,9, the k=9k=9 case achieved for example by {1,2,3,4,6,8,9,12,16}\{1,2,3,4,6,8,9,12,16\}. For 4k74\leq k \leq 7, we provide two proofs using different applications of Freiman's 3k43k-4 theorem; one of the proofs includes extensive case analysis on the product sets of kk-element subsets of (2k3)(2k-3)-term arithmetic progressions. For k=8,9k=8,9, we apply Freiman's 3k33k-3 theorem for product sets, and investigate the sumset of the union of two geometric progressions with the same common ratio r>1r>1, with separate treatments of the overlapping cases r2r\neq 2 and r2r\geq 2.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2307.06874,
  title  = {The sum-product problem for small sets},
  author = {Ginny Ray Clevenger and Haley Havard and Patch Heard and Andrew Lott and Alex Rice and Brittany Wilson},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2307.06874},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

11 pages, 1 table, 4 figures, references added, Lemma 3.5 proof reorganized, some Section 3 results extended to negative common ratios, other referee suggestions incorporated; to appear in Involve

R2 v1 2026-06-28T11:29:36.320Z