English

The 3x+1 Periodicity Conjeture in $\mathbb{R}$

Number Theory 2021-02-01 v1

Abstract

The 3x+13x+1 map TT is defined on the 22-adic integers Z2\mathbb{Z}_2 by T(x)=x/2T(x)=x/2 for even xx and T(x)=(3x+1)/2T(x)=(3x+1)/2 for odd xx. It is still unproved that under iteration of TT the trajectory of any rational 22-adic integer is eventually cyclic. A 22-adic integer is rational if and only if its representation with 11's and 00's is eventually periodic. We prove that the 3x+13x+1 conjugacy Φ\Phi maps aperiodic vZ2v\in\mathbb{Z}_2 onto aperiodic 22-adic integers provided that lim  (h)=1>ln(2)ln(3)\underline{\lim}\;(\frac{h}{\ell})_{\ell=1}^{\infty} > \frac{\ln(2)}{\ln(3)} where hh is the number of 11's in the first \ell digits of vv with the following constraint: if there is a rational 22-adic integer with a non-cyclic trajectory, then necessarily lim  (h)=1=ln(2)ln(3)\underline{\lim}\;(\frac{h}{\ell})_{\ell=1}^{\infty}=\frac{\ln(2)}{\ln(3)}. We study Φ\Phi as an infinite series in R\mathbb{R} and obtain negative irrational numbers for which we compute their aperiodic 22-adic expansion. We find prominent behaviors of the orbit of xx taking Sturmian words as parity vector. We also found amazing results of the terms of Φ\Phi in R\mathbb{R}. We define the \ell'th iterate of TT for \ell\rightarrow \infty in the ring of 33-adic integers and obtain positive irrational numbers for which we compute their aperiodic 33-adic expansion.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2101.12747,
  title  = {The 3x+1 Periodicity Conjeture in $\mathbb{R}$},
  author = {Josefina López and Peter Stoll},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2101.12747},
  year   = {2021}
}

Comments

51 pages, 18 figures