English

Strengthening of spectral radius, numerical radius, and Berezin radius inequalities

Functional Analysis 2025-03-05 v1

Abstract

Suppose H1,H2,,Hn\mathcal{H}_1, \mathcal{H}_2, \ldots, \mathcal{H}_n are arbitrary complex Hilbert spaces, and A=[Aij]{\bf A}=[A_{ij}] is an n×nn\times n operator matrix with AijB(Hj,Hi).A_{ij}\in \mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H}_j, \mathcal{H}_i). We show that w(A)w([aij]i,j=1n),w({\bf A}) \leq w\left(\begin{bmatrix} a_{ij} \end{bmatrix}_{i,j=1}^n \right), where w()w(\cdot) denotes the numerical radius and the entries aij={w(Aii)if i=j,(Aij+Aji)2(AijAjiw(AjiAij))if i<j,0if i>j. a_{ij}=\begin{cases} w(A_{ii}) & \textit{if $i=j$}, \sqrt{ \left( \|A_{ij}\|+\|A_{ji}\| \right)^2- \left(\|A_{ij}\| \|A_{ji}\|-w(A_{ji}A_{ij}) \right)}^{} & \textit{if $i<j$}, 0 & \textit{if $i>j$.} \end{cases} This bound improves w(A)w([aij]i,j=1n),w({\bf A}) \leq w\left(\begin{bmatrix} a'_{ij} \end{bmatrix}_{i,j=1}^n \right), where aij=w(Aii)a'_{ij}=w(A_{ii}) if i=ji=j and aij=Aija'_{ij}=\|A_{ij}\| if iji\neq j. We deduce an upper bound for the Kronecker products ABA\otimes B, where AMn(C)A\in \mathcal{M}_n(\mathbb{C}) and BB(H1)B\in \mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H}_1), which refines Holbrook's classical bound w(AB)w(A)Bw(A\otimes B)\leq w(A)\|B\|, when all entries of AA are non-negative. Further, we obtain the Berezin radius inequalities for n×nn\times n operator matrices where the entries are reproducing kernel Hilbert space operators. We provide an example, which illustrates these inequalities for some concrete operators on the Hardy--Hilbert space. Applying the numerical radius bounds, we show that if AiB(Hi,H1)A_i \in \mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H}_i, \mathcal{H}_1) and BiB(H1,Hi)B_i\in \mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H}_1, \mathcal{H}_i) for i=1,2,i=1,2, then \begin{eqnarray*} r(A_1B_1+A_2B_2) \leq \frac{ 1 }{2 } \left(w(B_1A_1)+w(B_2A_2) \right) + \frac{ 1 }{2 } \sqrt{ \left(w(B_1A_1)-w(B_2A_2)\right)^2 + 3\|B_1A_2\|\|B_2A_1\| + \eta}, \end{eqnarray*} where η=w(B2A1B1A2)\eta=w(B_2A_1 B_1A_2), and r()r(\cdot) denotes the spectral radius. We also achieve a bound for the roots of an algebraic equation.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2503.02615,
  title  = {Strengthening of spectral radius, numerical radius, and Berezin radius inequalities},
  author = {Pintu Bhunia},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.02615},
  year   = {2025}
}

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14 pages