Current semiconductor qubits rely either on the spin or on the charge degree of freedom to encode quantum information. By contrast, in bilayer graphene the valley degree of freedom, stemming from the crystal lattice symmetry, is a robust quantum number that can therefore be harnessed for this purpose. The simplest implementation of a valley qubit would rely on two states with opposite valleys as in the case of a single-carrier bilayer graphene quantum dot immersed in a small perpendicular magnetic field (B⊥≲100mT). However, the single-carrier quantum dot excited states spectrum has not been resolved to date in the relevant magnetic field range. Here, we fill this gap, by measuring the parallel and perpendicular magnetic field dependence of this spectrum with an unprecedented resolution of 4μeV. We use a time-resolved charge detection technique that gives us access to individual tunnel events. Our results come as a direct verification of the predicted spectrum and establish a new upper-bound on inter-valley mixing, equal to our energy resolution. Our charge detection technique opens the door to measuring the relaxation time of a valley qubit in a single-carrier bilayer graphene quantum dot.
@article{arxiv.2311.12949,
title = {Spin-valley locked excited states spectroscopy in a one-particle bilayer graphene quantum dot},
author = {Hadrien Duprez and Solenn Cances and Andraz Omahen and Michele Masseroni and Max J. Ruckriegel and Christoph Adam and Chuyao Tong and Jonas Gerber and Rebekka Garreis and Wister Huang and Lisa Gächter and Takashi Taniguchi and Kenji Watanabe and Thomas Ihn and Klaus Ensslin},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2311.12949},
year = {2025}
}