English

SN 2023zcu: A Type IIP SN with Early Flash Features

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena 2026-01-22 v1

Abstract

We present a detailed photometric and spectroscopic analysis of the Type IIP supernova SN~2023zcu, which exploded in the galaxy NGC~2139 (redshift zz = 0.006). SN~2023zcu exhibits a well-sampled light curve covering the rise, plateau, and nebular phases. It has an optically thick phase of 100.6±0.6100.6 \pm 0.6 d with a magnitude drop of \sim1.7 mag in the {\em V} band during the transition between the plateau and the nebular phases. Weak emission features in the early-time spectra indicate a low-level interaction between circumstellar material (CSM) and the SN ejecta. The spectral evolution is well sampled and exhibits a prominent P-Cygni profile of Hα\alpha, a defining characteristic of Type IIP SNe. Signatures of metal-line formation (e.g., \ion{Fe}{2}, \ion{Ca}{2} near-infrared triplet) are also evident in the spectra as the SN evolves. Spectral modeling with the radiative-transfer code \texttt{TARDIS} during the early photospheric phase (8.7--35.5 d since explosion) yields photospheric temperatures decreasing from \sim9,000 to \sim6,000 K and expansion velocities declining from \sim10,000 to \sim5,400 km s1^{-1}. A tailored expanding photosphere method (EPM) fit based on the \texttt{TARDIS} models provides a distance estimate of 27.8±2.027.8 \pm 2.0 Mpc. Nebular-phase spectra and bolometric light-curve modeling suggest a progenitor mass in the range 12--15 M_\odot. This thorough analysis helps to constrain progenitor properties and explosion parameters, thereby strengthening our understanding of Type IIP SNe.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2601.14830,
  title  = {SN 2023zcu: A Type IIP SN with Early Flash Features},
  author = {Monalisa Dubey and Kuntal Misra and Géza Csörnyei and Raya Dastidar and D. Andrew Howell and David J. Sand and Stefano Valenti and WeiKang Zheng and Alexei V. Filippenko and Saurabh Jha and Jesper Sollerman and Peter Brown and Kate D. Alexander and Moira Andrews and Jennifer Andrews and Dre Betz and Emma Born and Kate Bostow and K. Azalee Bostroem and Sea'n J. Brennan and Thomas G. Brink and Collin Christy and Elma Chuang and Yize Dong and Naveen Dukiya and Joseph R. Farah and Noah Franz and Estefania Padilla Gonzalez and Joshua Haislip and Emily Hoang and Griffin Hosseinzadeh and Brian Hsu and Connor Jennings and Vladimir Kouprianov and M. J. Lundquist and Colin Macrie and Curtis McCully and Andrew Mchaty and Darshana Mehta and Katie Mora and Megan Newsome and Jeniveve Pearson and Neil Pichay and Conor Ransome and Aravind P. Ravi and Daniel E. Reichart and Nicolás Meza Retamal and Sophia Risin and Manisha Shrestha and Ajay Kumar Singh and Nathan Smith and Bhagya Subrayan and Giacomo Terreran and William Wu},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.14830},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

24 pages, 17 figures, 7 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ

R2 v1 2026-07-01T09:13:47.985Z