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Smallest gaps of the two-dimensional Coulomb gas

Probability 2025-08-26 v3 Mathematical Physics math.MP

Abstract

We consider the two-dimensional Coulomb gas with a general potential at the determinantal temperature, or equivalently, the eigenvalues of random normal matrices. We prove that the smallest gaps between particles are typically of order n3/4n^{-3/4}, and that the associated joint point process of gap locations and gap sizes, after rescaling the gaps by n3/4n^{3/4}, converges to a Poisson point process. As a consequence, we show that the kk-th smallest rescaled gap has a limiting density proportional to x4k1eJ4x4x^{4k-1}e^{-\frac{\mathcal{J}}{4}x^{4}}, where J=π2ρ(z)3d2z\mathcal{J}=\pi^{2}\int \rho(z)^{3}d^{2}z and ρ\rho is the density of the equilibrium measure. This generalizes a result of Shi and Jiang beyond the quadratic potential.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2507.23502,
  title  = {Smallest gaps of the two-dimensional Coulomb gas},
  author = {Christophe Charlier},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.23502},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

29 pages, 3 figures