English

SanD primes and numbers

Classical Analysis and ODEs 2020-03-04 v3 Number Theory

Abstract

We define S(um)anD(ifference) numbers as ordered pairs (m,m+Δ)(m,\, m+\Delta) such that the digital-sum DS(m(m+Δ))=Δ.DS(m(m+\Delta))=\Delta. We consider both the decimal and the binary case. If both mm and m+Δm+\Delta are prime numbers, we refer to SanD {\em primes}. We show that the number of (decimal-based) SanD numbers less than xx grows as c1x,c1\cdot x, where c1=2/3,c1 = 2/3, while the number of SanD primes less than xx grows as c2x/log2x,c2\cdot x/\log^2{x}, where c2=3/4.c2 = 3/4. Due to the quasi-fractal nature of the digital-sum function, convergence is both slow and erratic compared to twin primes, which, apart from the constant, have the same leading asymptotics.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1904.03573,
  title  = {SanD primes and numbers},
  author = {Freeman J. Dyson and Norman E. Frankel and Anthony J. Guttmann},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.03573},
  year   = {2020}
}

Comments

22 pages, 2 figures. Revised version corrects one proof and fixes some typos

R2 v1 2026-06-23T08:31:49.845Z