English

Rethinking massive multiplexing in whispering gallery mode biosensing

Optics 2025-12-16 v1 Biological Physics Chemical Physics Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability Instrumentation and Detectors

Abstract

Accurate, label-free quantification of multiple analytes in complex biological media remains a major challenge due to limited multiplexing, signal cross-correlations, and inconsistency across sensor samples and measurement runs. We introduce a multiplexed whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) biosensing framework that overcomes these barriers by jointly advancing photonic integration and data analytics. Our glass-chip platform enables massive, parallelized and flexible multiplexing of >10000 microresonators organized into up to 100 sensing channels, with universal and modular chip design and detection hardware, while maintaining loaded Q-factors of 10^6. Our novel hybrid deep-learning framework BioCCF that integrates domain adaptation with cross-channel fusion enables harmonization of responses across sensing chips and extraction of nonlinear correlations in complex mixtures. Using a highly heterogeneous dataset comprising over 200 hours of sensing data acquired from nine chips with different channel configurations, biological replicates, and repeated regeneration cycles, we demonstrate recalibration-free identification of solution (99.3\% accuracy) and quantification of immunoglobulin G components with relative prediction error of 10^-4 under 5 min. The affordability and modularity of the platform enable distributed data acquisition and aggregation into shared repositories, providing a pathway toward continuously improving model generalization, cross-validation and a scalable, community-driven paradigm for biosensing.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2512.12421,
  title  = {Rethinking massive multiplexing in whispering gallery mode biosensing},
  author = {Ivan Saetchnikov and Elina Tcherniavskaia and Andreas Ostendorf and Anton Saetchnikov},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.12421},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-07-01T08:23:36.289Z