English

Relative (functionally) Type I spaces and narrow subspaces

General Topology 2022-08-23 v1

Abstract

An open chain cover {Uα:ακ}\{U_\alpha : \alpha\in\kappa\} (κ\kappa a cardinal) of a space XX is a systematic cover if the closure of UαU_\alpha is contained in UβU_\beta when α<β\alpha<\beta, and XX is Type I if κ=ω1\kappa=\omega_1 and the closure of each UαU_\alpha is Lindel\"of. A closed subspace DXD\subset X is narrow in XX if for each systematic cover {Vα:αω1}\{V_\alpha : \alpha\in\omega_1\} of XX, either there is α\alpha such that DD is included in VαV_\alpha, or the closure of VαV_\alpha intersected with DD is Lindel\"of for each α\alpha. Taking systematic covers given by preimages by ss of [0,α)[0,\alpha) for a continuous s:XL0s: X\to \mathbb{L}_{\ge 0} (where L0 \mathbb{L}_{\ge 0} is the longray) defines functionally Type I spaces and functionally narrow subspaces. For instance, L0 \mathbb{L}_{\ge 0} and ω1\omega_1 are narrow in themselves and any other space. We investigate these properties and relative versions, as well as their relationship, and show in particular the following. There are functionally Hausdorff Type I spaces which are not functionally Type I while regular Type I spaces are functionally Type I. We exhibit examples of spaces which are narrow in some but not in other spaces. There are subspaces of a Tychonoff space YY that are functionally narrow but not narrow in YY, while both notions agree if YY is normal. Under PFA and using classical results, any ω1\omega_1-compact locally compact countably tight Type I space contains a non-Lindel\"of subspace narrow in it (a copy of ω1\omega_1, actually), while a Suslin tree does not. There are spaces with subspaces narrow in them that are essentially discrete. Finally, we investigate natural partial orders on (functionally) narrow subspaces and when these orders are ω\omega- or ω1\omega_1-closed.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2208.10096,
  title  = {Relative (functionally) Type I spaces and narrow subspaces},
  author = {Mathieu Baillif},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2208.10096},
  year   = {2022}
}

Comments

30 pages, 5 figures. Some results are restatements of those of arXiv:1404.1398

R2 v1 2026-06-25T01:51:41.234Z