English

Refinements of two identities on $(n,m)$-Dyck paths

Combinatorics 2018-01-30 v2

Abstract

For integers n,mn, m with n1n \geq 1 and 0mn0 \leq m \leq n, an (n,m)(n,m)-Dyck path is a lattice path in the integer lattice Z×Z\mathbb{Z} \times \mathbb{Z} using up steps (0,1)(0,1) and down steps (1,0)(1,0) that goes from the origin (0,0)(0,0) to the point (n,n)(n,n) and contains exactly mm up steps below the line y=xy=x. The classical Chung-Feller theorem says that the total number of (n,m)(n,m)-Dyck path is independent of mm and is equal to the nn-th Catalan number Cn=1n+1(2nn)C_n=\frac{1}{n+1}{2n \choose n}. For any integer kk with 1kn1 \leq k \leq n, let pn,m,kp_{n,m,k} be the total number of (n,m)(n,m)-Dyck paths with kk peaks. Ma and Yeh proved that pn,m,kp_{n,m,k}=pn,nm,nkp_{n,n-m,n-k} for 0mn0 \leq m \leq n, and pn,m,k+pn,m,nk=pn,m+1,k+pn,m+1,nkp_{n,m,k}+p_{n,m,n-k}=p_{n,m+1,k}+p_{n,m+1,n-k} for 1mn21 \leq m \leq n-2. In this paper we give bijective proofs of these two results. Using our bijections, we also get refined enumeration results on the numbers pn,m,kp_{n,m,k} and pn,m,k+pn,m,nkp_{n,m,k}+p_{n,m,n-k} according to the starting and ending steps.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1711.08584,
  title  = {Refinements of two identities on $(n,m)$-Dyck paths},
  author = {Rosena R. X. Du and Kuo Yu},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1711.08584},
  year   = {2018}
}

Comments

9 pages, with 2 figures