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Real-rooted P\'olya-like approximations to the Riemann Xi-function

Number Theory 2017-06-20 v1 Complex Variables

Abstract

The Riemann Ξ(z)\Xi(z) function admits a Fourier transform of a even kernel Φ(t)\Phi(t). The latter is related to the derivatives of Jacobi theta function θ(z)\theta(z), a modular form of weight 1/21/2. P\'olya noticed that when tt goes to infinity, ete^t goes to et+et=2coshte^t+ e^{-t}=2\cosh t. He then approximated the kernel Φ(t)\Phi(t) by ΦP(t)\Phi_{P}(t) that contained only the leading term and with expt,exp(9t/4)\exp t,\exp(9t/4) replaced by 2cosht,2cos(9t/4)2\cosh t,2\cos(9t/4). This procedure captured almost all of the contribution from the tail part (i.e., tt\to\infty) of the kernel Φ(t)\Phi(t). We realize that when tt goes to infinity and 0b<1,cR0\leqslant b<1,c\in\R, cosht+ccosh(bt)\cosh t+c \cosh(bt) goes to cosht\cosh t. Thus we improve P\'olya's approximation by replacing cosh(9t/4)\cosh(9t/4) with cosh(9t/4)+bk=0m1bkcosh(9kt/(4m))\cosh(9t/4)+b\sum_{k=0}^{m-1}b_k \cosh(9kt/(4m)) and adjusting the parameters b,bk,mb,b_k,m such that (A) the approximated kernel ΦS(b,bk,m;t)\Phi_{S}(b,b_k,m;t) goes to Φ(t)\Phi(t)when tt goes to infinity;(B) ΦS(b,bk,m;t)\Phi_{S}(b,b_k,m;t) is identical to Φ(t)\Phi(t) at t=0t=0; (C) the Fourier transform of ΦS(b,bk,m;t)\Phi_{S}(b,b_k,m;t),like in P\'olya's case, has only real zeros. Since this procedure also captures almost all of the contribution from the head part (i.e., near t=0t=0) of the kernel Φ(t)\Phi(t), we are able to anchor both ends of the kernel Φ(t)\Phi(t).

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1502.06844,
  title  = {Real-rooted P\'olya-like approximations to the Riemann Xi-function},
  author = {Yaoming Shi},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1502.06844},
  year   = {2017}
}

Comments

21 pages, 17 figures

R2 v1 2026-06-22T08:36:40.748Z