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A naive integral

Number Theory 2024-07-09 v1 Numerical Analysis Classical Analysis and ODEs Numerical Analysis

Abstract

In arXiv:2406.0243 two real functions g(x,t)g(x,t) and f(x,t)f(x,t) are defined, so that the Riemann-Siegel ZZ function is given as Z(t)=Re{u(t)eπi812+it0g(x,t)eif(x,t)dt},Z(t)=\mathop{\mathrm{Re}}\Bigl\{\frac{u(t)e^{\frac{\pi i}{8}}}{\frac12+it}\int_0^\infty g(x,t)e^{i f(x,t)}\,dt\Bigr\}, where u(t)u(t) is a real function of order t1/4t^{-1/4} when t+t\to+\infty. The function g(x,t)g(x,t) is indefinitely differentiable and tends to 00 as well as all its derivatives when x0+x\to0^+ or x+x\to+\infty. Since, furthermore, for t+t\to+\infty the function f(x,t)f(x,t) tends to ++\infty we may expect that the integral depends essentially on the behavior of g(x,t)g(x,t) at the extremes. As Polya in an analogous situation we consider the substitution of ψ(x)\psi(x) by a simpler similar function. A simple function with this behavior is ψ0(x):=2π(1+14x5/2)eπxπ4x.\psi_0(x):=2\pi(1+\tfrac{1}{4}x^{-5/2})e^{-\pi x-\frac{\pi}{4x}}. Therefore, we define J0(t)J_0(t) replacing in the definition of J(t)J(t) the function ψ(x)\psi(x) by the simpler ψ0(x)\psi_0(x). \begin{equation} J_0(t)=2\pi\int_0^\infty (1+\tfrac{1}{4}x^{-\frac52})e^{-\pi x-\frac{\pi}{4x}}(1-ix)^{\frac12(\frac12+it)}\,dx. \end{equation} The resulting Z0(t)Z_0(t) disappoints us Z0(t)Re{2πexp{i(t2logt2πt2π8)}+2(2πt)1/4exp(πit2π  )},t+.Z_0(t)\asymp \mathop{\mathrm{Re}}\Bigl\{\frac{2}{\sqrt{\pi}}\exp\Bigl\{i\Bigl(\frac{t}{2}\log\frac{t}{2\pi}-\frac{t}{2}-\frac{\pi}{8}\Bigr)\Bigr\}+\frac{2}{(2\pi t)^{1/4}}\exp\Bigl(\pi i\sqrt{\frac{t}{2\pi}}\;\Bigr)\Bigr\},\quad t\to+\infty. However, the integral J0(t)J_0(t) is interesting as a technical challenge. And still we have the possibility to get a better result improving ψ0(x)\psi_0(x). This is a preliminary version, and we set it as a challenge: to compute and study this integral.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2407.05719,
  title  = {A naive integral},
  author = {Juan Arias de Reyna},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.05719},
  year   = {2024}
}

Comments

21 pages

R2 v1 2026-06-28T17:32:31.363Z