English

Pitch-Conditioned Instrument Sound Synthesis From an Interactive Timbre Latent Space

Sound 2025-10-07 v1 Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Audio and Speech Processing Signal Processing

Abstract

This paper presents a novel approach to neural instrument sound synthesis using a two-stage semi-supervised learning framework capable of generating pitch-accurate, high-quality music samples from an expressive timbre latent space. Existing approaches that achieve sufficient quality for music production often rely on high-dimensional latent representations that are difficult to navigate and provide unintuitive user experiences. We address this limitation through a two-stage training paradigm: first, we train a pitch-timbre disentangled 2D representation of audio samples using a Variational Autoencoder; second, we use this representation as conditioning input for a Transformer-based generative model. The learned 2D latent space serves as an intuitive interface for navigating and exploring the sound landscape. We demonstrate that the proposed method effectively learns a disentangled timbre space, enabling expressive and controllable audio generation with reliable pitch conditioning. Experimental results show the model's ability to capture subtle variations in timbre while maintaining a high degree of pitch accuracy. The usability of our method is demonstrated in an interactive web application, highlighting its potential as a step towards future music production environments that are both intuitive and creatively empowering: https://pgesam.faresschulz.com

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2510.04339,
  title  = {Pitch-Conditioned Instrument Sound Synthesis From an Interactive Timbre Latent Space},
  author = {Christian Limberg and Fares Schulz and Zhe Zhang and Stefan Weinzierl},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.04339},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

8 pages, accepted to the Proceedings of the 28-th Int. Conf. on Digital Audio Effects (DAFx25) - demo: https://pgesam.faresschulz.com