English

On the approximation of the Hardy $Z$-function via high-order sections

General Mathematics 2025-03-26 v2

Abstract

Sections of the Hardy ZZ-function are given by ZN(t):=k=1Ncos(θ(t)ln(k)t)kZ_N(t) := \sum_{k=1}^{N} \frac{cos(\theta(t)-ln(k) t) }{\sqrt{k}} for any NNN \in \mathbb{N}. Sections approximate the Hardy ZZ-function in two ways: (a) 2ZN~(t)(t)2Z_{\widetilde{N}(t)}(t) is the Hardy-Littlewood approximate functional equation (AFE) approximation for N~(t)=[t2π]\widetilde{N}(t) = \left [ \sqrt{\frac{t}{2 \pi}} \right ]. (b) ZN(t)(t)Z_{N(t)}(t) is Spira's approximation for N(t)=[t2]N(t) = \left [\frac{t}{2} \right ]. Spira conjectured, based on experimental observations, that, contrary to the classical approximation (a)(a), approximation (b) satisfies the Riemann Hypothesis (RH) in the sense that all of its zeros are real. We present theoretical justification for Spira's conjecture, via new techniques of acceleration of series, showing that it is essentially equivalent to RH itself.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2405.12557,
  title  = {On the approximation of the Hardy $Z$-function via high-order sections},
  author = {Yochay Jerby},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.12557},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-28T16:33:56.627Z