English

On $\overrightarrow{C_{n}}$-irregular oriented graphs

Combinatorics 2026-05-22 v2

Abstract

Let FF and GG be simple finite oriented graphs (without symmetric arcs). A graph GG is called FF-irregular if any two distinct vertices in GG belong to a different number of subgraphs of GG isomorphic to FF. In this paper, we investigate the problem of the existence of Cn\overrightarrow{C_n}-irregular graphs, where Cn\overrightarrow{C_n} is an oriented cycle of order nn (a strongly connected oriented graph that is formed from a simple undirected cycle CnC_n on nn vertices by orienting each of its edges). For every integer n3n \ge 3, we prove that there exists an infinite family of Cn\overrightarrow{C_n}-irregular graphs. In addition, we show that the order of a non-trivial C3\overrightarrow{C_3}-irregular graph can be any integer not less than 1010 and no others. We also construct C4\overrightarrow{C_4}-irregular graphs of any order at least 77 and prove that there are no non-trivial C4\overrightarrow{C_4}-irregular graphs of order less than 77.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2512.05487,
  title  = {On $\overrightarrow{C_{n}}$-irregular oriented graphs},
  author = {Tatiana Dovzhenok and Ilya Lukashenko and Yahor Filiuta},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.05487},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

Published online. 18 pages, 11 figures

R2 v1 2026-07-01T08:10:53.763Z