English

On Delannoy numbers and Schr\"oder numbers

Number Theory 2011-08-23 v4 Combinatorics

Abstract

The n-th Delannoy number and the n-th Schr\"oder number given by Dn=k=0n(nk)(n+kk)D_n=\sum_{k=0}^n\binom{n}{k}\binom{n+k}{k} and Sn=k=0n(nk)(n+kk)/(k+1)S_n=\sum_{k=0}^n\binom{n}{k}\binom{n+k}{k}/(k+1) respectively arise naturally from enumerative combinatorics. Let p be an odd prime. We mainly show that k=1p1Dk/k2=2(1/p)Ep3(modp)\sum_{k=1}^{p-1}D_k/k^2=2(-1/p)E_{p-3} (mod p) and k=1p1Sk/mk=(m26m+1)/(2m)(1((m26m+1)/p)(modp),\sum_{k=1}^{p-1}S_k/m^k=(m^2-6m+1)/(2m)*(1-((m^2-6m+1)/p) (mod p), where (-) is the Legendre symbol, E_0,E_1,E_2,... are Euler numbers and m is any integer not divisible by p. We also conjecture that k=1p1Dk2/k2=2qp(2)2(modp)\sum_{k=1}^{p-1}D_k^2/k^2=-2q_p(2)^2 (mod p), where qp(2)=(2p11)/pq_p(2)=(2^{p-1}-1)/p.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1009.2486,
  title  = {On Delannoy numbers and Schr\"oder numbers},
  author = {Zhi-Wei Sun},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1009.2486},
  year   = {2011}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-21T16:13:21.558Z