We study experimentally the impact of the additive fabrication method on the magnetic properties of Fe+-implanted Pd square artificial spin ice lattices. Our findings show that the lattices exhibit a higher ordering temperature than their continuous film counterparts. This behavior is attributed to the additive fabrication process, which induces an inhomogeneous Fe concentration within the lattice building blocks. Moreover, the implantation process creates a magnetic depth profile, enabling temperature-dependent tunability of the magnetic thickness. These additional internal degrees of freedom broaden the design possibilities for magnetic metamaterials, allowing precise fine-tuning of their static and dynamic properties to achieve complex and customizable behaviors.
@article{arxiv.2502.03133,
title = {Magnetic texture control in ion-implanted metamaterials},
author = {Christina Vantaraki and Kristina Ignatova and Dmitrii Moldarev and Matías P. Grassi and Michael Foerster and Daniel Primetzhofer and Unnar B. Arnalds and Vassilios Kapaklis},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.03133},
year = {2025}
}