English

Lattice and Schroder paths with periodic boundaries

Combinatorics 2007-09-27 v2

Abstract

We consider paths in the plane with (1,0),(1,0), (0,1),(0,1), and (a,b)(a,b)-steps that start at the origin, end at height n,n, and stay to the left of a given non-decreasing right boundary. We show that if the boundary is periodic and has slope at most b/a,b/a, then the ordinary generating function for the number of such paths ending at height nn is algebraic. Our argument is in two parts. We use a simple combinatorial decomposition to obtain an Appell relation or ``umbral'' generating function, in which the power znz^n is replaced by a power series of the form znϕn(z),z^n \phi_n(z), where ϕn(0)=1.\phi_n(0) = 1. Then we convert (in an explicit way) the umbral generating function to an ordinary generating function by solving a system of linear equations and a polynomial equation. This conversion implies that the ordinary generating function is algebraic.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.0709.1717,
  title  = {Lattice and Schroder paths with periodic boundaries},
  author = {Joseph P. S. Kung and Anna de Mier and Xinyu Sun and Catherine H. Yan},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:0709.1717},
  year   = {2007}
}

Comments

22 pages, 1 figure; Revised version, references added and corrected typos

R2 v1 2026-06-21T09:16:28.705Z