English

IROSA: Interactive Robot Skill Adaptation using Natural Language

Robotics 2026-04-17 v3 Artificial Intelligence Computation and Language Human-Computer Interaction Machine Learning

Abstract

Foundation models have demonstrated impressive capabilities across diverse domains, while imitation learning provides principled methods for robot skill adaptation from limited data. Combining these approaches holds significant promise for direct application to robotics, yet this combination has received limited attention, particularly for industrial deployment. We present a novel framework that enables open-vocabulary skill adaptation through a tool-based architecture, maintaining a protective abstraction layer between the language model and robot hardware. Our approach leverages pre-trained LLMs to select and parameterize specific tools for adapting robot skills without requiring fine-tuning or direct model-to-robot interaction. We demonstrate the framework on a 7-DoF torque-controlled robot performing an industrial bearing ring insertion task, showing successful skill adaptation through natural language commands for speed adjustment, trajectory correction, and obstacle avoidance while maintaining safety, transparency, and interpretability.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2603.03897,
  title  = {IROSA: Interactive Robot Skill Adaptation using Natural Language},
  author = {Markus Knauer and Samuel Bustamante and Thomas Eiband and Alin Albu-Schäffer and Freek Stulp and João Silvério},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.03897},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

Accepted IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L) journal, 8 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, 1 listing. Code available: https://github.com/DLR-RM/IROSA

R2 v1 2026-07-01T11:02:44.988Z