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How to find all extremal graphs using symmetric subgraphs

Combinatorics 2026-03-31 v3

Abstract

Let F\mathcal{F} be a finite family of graphs with minFFχ(F)=r+13\min_{F\in \mathcal{F}}\chi(F)=r+1\geq3, where χ(F)\chi(F) is the chromatic number of FF. Set t=maxFFFt=\max_{F\in\mathcal{F}}|F|. Let EX(n,F){\rm EX}(n,\mathcal{F}) be the set of graphs with maximum edges among all the graphs of order nn without any FFF\in\mathcal{F} as a subgraph. Let T(n,r)T(n,r) be the Tur\'{a}n graph of order nn with rr parts. Assume that some F0FF_{0}\subseteq\mathcal{F} is a subgraph of the graph obtained from T(rt,r)T(rt,r) by embedding a path in its one part. Simonovits \cite{S1} introduced the concept of symmetric subgraphs, and proved that there exist graphs in EX(n,F){\rm EX}(n,\mathcal{F}) which have symmetrical property. In this paper, we aim to find a way to characterize all the extremal graphs for such F\mathcal{F} using symmetric subgraphs. Some new extremal results are obtained.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2509.07954,
  title  = {How to find all extremal graphs using symmetric subgraphs},
  author = {Wenqian Zhang},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.07954},
  year   = {2026}
}
R2 v1 2026-07-01T05:28:49.085Z