English

How far from the edge need a population be to survive? A probability model

Probability 2026-02-10 v1

Abstract

Let NN be a natural number. We consider a population which lives on IN={N,N+1,,N1,N}I_N=\{-N,-N+1,\dots,N-1,N\}. Each individual gives birth at rate λ\lambda on each of its neighboring sites and dies at rate 1. No births are allowed from the inside of INI_N to the outside or vice-versa. The population on the whole line (i.e. N=+N=+\infty) survives with positive probability if and only if λ>1/2\lambda>1/2. On the other hand for any 1/2<λ2/21/2< \lambda\leq \sqrt 2/2 there exists a natural number NcN_c such that the population survives on INI_N for NNcN\geq N_c but dies out for N<NcN<N_c. There is no limit on the number of individuals per site so the population could grow at the center where the birth rates are maximum. Our result shows that it does not if the edge is too close.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2602.08712,
  title  = {How far from the edge need a population be to survive? A probability model},
  author = {Rinaldo B. Schinazi},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.08712},
  year   = {2026}
}
R2 v1 2026-07-01T10:27:59.860Z