English

Gravitational collapse with torsion and universe in a black hole

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology 2025-11-21 v2 Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics

Abstract

We consider gravitational collapse of a fluid sphere with torsion generated by spin, which forms a black hole. We use the Tolman metric and the Einstein-Cartan field equations with a relativistic spin fluid as a source. We show that gravitational repulsion of torsion prevents a singularity, replacing it with a nonsingular bounce. Quantum particle creation during contraction prevents shear from overcoming torsion. Particle creation during expansion can generate a finite period of inflation and produce large amounts of matter. The resulting closed universe on the other side of the event horizon may have several bounces. Such a universe is oscillatory, with each cycle larger than the preceding cycle, until it reaches a size at which dark energy dominates and expands indefinitely. Our Universe might have therefore originated from a black hole existing in another universe.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2509.11468,
  title  = {Gravitational collapse with torsion and universe in a black hole},
  author = {Nikodem Popławski},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.11468},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

6 pages; published version