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Graham's number stable digits: An exact solution

General Mathematics 2025-09-15 v2

Abstract

In the decimal numeral system, we prove that the well-known Graham's number, G:= ⁣n3G := \! ^{n}3 (i.e., 3333^{3^{\cdot^{\cdot^{\cdot^{3}}}}} (nn times)), and any base 33 tetration whose hyperexponent is larger than nn share the same slog3(G)1\operatorname{slog}_3(G) - 1 rightmost digits (where slog\operatorname{slog} indicates the integer super-logarithm). This is an exact result since the slog3(G)\operatorname{slog}_3(G)-th rightmost digit of GG differs from the slog3(G)\operatorname{slog}_3(G)-th rightmost digit of n+13^{n+1}3. Furthermore, we show that the slog3(n3)\operatorname{slog}_3(^{n}3)-th least significant digit of the difference between Graham's number and any base 33 tetration whose integer hyperexponent exceeds nn is 44.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2411.00015,
  title  = {Graham's number stable digits: An exact solution},
  author = {Marco Ripà},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2411.00015},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

9 pages, 1 figure

R2 v1 2026-06-28T19:43:21.768Z