English

Exact formula and asymptotic behavior for the expected number of inversions in a random permutation avoiding a pattern of length three

Probability 2022-03-25 v2 Combinatorics

Abstract

For τS3\tau\in S_3, let Sn(τ)S_n(\tau) denote the set of permutations in SnS_n which avoid the pattern τ\tau, and let EnτE_n^\tau denote the expectation with respect to the uniformly random probability measure on Sn(τ)S_n(\tau). Let In(σ)\mathcal{I}_n(\sigma) denote the number of inversions in σSn\sigma\in S_n. We study EnτInE_n^\tau\mathcal{I}_n for τ{231,132,213,312}S3\tau\in\{231,132,213,312\}\subset S_3. We prove that En231In=En312In=12n!(n+1)!4n(2n)!12(3n+1), E_n^{231}\mathcal{I}_n=E_n^{312}\mathcal{I}_n=\frac12\frac{n!(n+1)!4^n}{(2n)!}-\frac12(3n+1), and that En132In=En213In=12(n1)nEn231In. E_n^{132}\mathcal{I}_n=E_n^{213}\mathcal{I}_n=\frac12(n-1)n-E_n^{231}\mathcal{I}_n. From the first equation it follows that En231In=En312Inπ2n32. E_n^{231}\mathcal{I}_n=E_n^{312}\mathcal{I}_n\sim\frac{\sqrt\pi}2n^\frac32. We also show that the variance VarPnτ(In)\text{Var}_{P_n^{\tau}}(\mathcal{I}_n) of In\mathcal{I}_n under PnτP_n^\tau satisfies VarPnτ(In)(56π4)n30.048n3, for τ{231,132,213,312}. \text{Var}_{P_n^{\tau}}(\mathcal{I}_n)\sim (\frac56-\frac\pi4)n^3\approx 0.048n^3,\ \text{for}\ \tau\in\{231,132,213,312\}.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2203.12510,
  title  = {Exact formula and asymptotic behavior for the expected number of inversions in a random permutation avoiding a pattern of length three},
  author = {Ross G. Pinsky},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2203.12510},
  year   = {2022}
}

Comments

It was brought to the author's attention that the results already appear in the literature. The expectation can be obtained from Theorem 1 in M. Bona's paper "The absence of a pattern and the occurrences of another". The asymptotic variance follows from (2.6) in S. Janson's paper "Patterns in Random Permutations Avoiding the Pattern 132".