\'Equation de Pell-Abel et applications

In this paper, we show that there are solutions of every degree $r$ of the equation of Pell-Abel on some real hyperelliptic curve of genus $g$ if and only if $r > g$. This result, which is known to the experts, has consequences, which seem to be unknown to the experts. First, we deduce the existence of a primitive $k$-differential on an hyperelliptic curve of genus $g$ with a unique zero of order $k(2g-2)$ for every $(k,g)\neq(2,2)$. Moreover, we show that there exists a non Weierstrass point of order $n$ modulo a Weierstrass point on a hyperelliptic curve of genus $g$ if and only if $n > 2g$.