English

Direct and Indirect Loop Equations in Lattice Yang-Mills Theory

High Energy Physics - Theory 2026-01-22 v2 High Energy Physics - Lattice Mathematical Physics math.MP

Abstract

The dynamics of Wilson loops are governed by an infinite set of Schwinger-Dyson equations and trace relations. In the context of the lattice positivity bootstrap, a central challenge is determining a dynamically independent basis of these operators within a truncated space. We present a systematic framework to address this problem, utilizing a geometric plaquette-cut and subloop-cut strategy to efficiently generate all (local) direct equations. Furthermore, we identify and analyze "indirect equations", which arise from the elimination of higher-length intermediate loops. We elucidate the origin of these subtle relations and propose a vertex-filtering strategy to construct them. Applying the above framework to SU(2) lattice Yang-Mills theory, we provide explicit counts of independent canonical loops and equations in 2, 3, and 4 dimensions, along with a statistical analysis of their asymptotic growth.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2601.04316,
  title  = {Direct and Indirect Loop Equations in Lattice Yang-Mills Theory},
  author = {Xizhe Liu and Gang Yang},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.04316},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

v2: 29 pages, 9 figures. New 3D examples of indirect equations are added

R2 v1 2026-07-01T08:55:03.079Z