English

Differentiable structures on a union of two open sets

Differential Geometry 2025-07-08 v1 Algebraic Geometry Algebraic Topology Category Theory

Abstract

In a recent paper the authors classified differentiable structures on the non-Hausdorff one-dimensional manifold L\mathbb{L} called the line with two origins which is obtained by gluing two copies of the real line R\mathbb{R} via the identity homeomorphism of R0\mathbb{R}\setminus 0. Here we give a classification of differentiable structures on another non-Hausdorff one-dimensional manifold Y\mathbb{Y} (called letter "YY") obtained by gluing two copies of R\mathbb{R} via the identity map of positive reals. It turns out that, in contrast to the real line, for every r=1,,r=1,\ldots,\infty, both manifolds L\mathbb{L} and Y\mathbb{Y} admit uncountably many pair-wise non-diffeomorphic Ck\mathcal{C}^{k}-structures. We also observe that the proofs of these classifications are very similar. This allows to formalize the arguments and extend them to a certain general statement about arrows in arbitrary categories.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2507.05156,
  title  = {Differentiable structures on a union of two open sets},
  author = {Mykola Lysynskyi and Sergiy Maksymenko},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.05156},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

30 pages, 4 figures

R2 v1 2026-07-01T03:49:46.880Z