English

Classification of differentiable structures on the non-Hausdorff line with two origins

Geometric Topology 2024-06-17 v1 Algebraic Topology Differential Geometry Dynamical Systems General Topology

Abstract

We classify differentiable structures on a line L\mathbb{L} with two origins being a non-Hausdorff but T1T_1 one-dimensional manifold obtained by ``doubling'' 00. For kN{}k\in\mathbb{N}\cup\{\infty\} let HH be the group of homeomorphisms hh of R\mathbb{R} such that h(0)=0h(0)=0 and the restriction of hh to R0\mathbb{R}\setminus0 is a Ck\mathcal{C}^{k}-diffeomorphism. Let also DD be the subgroup of HH consisting of Ck\mathcal{C}^{k}-diffeomorphisms of R\mathbb{R} also fixing 00. It is shown that there is a natural bijection between Ck\mathcal{C}^{k}-structures on L\mathbb{L} (up to a Ck\mathcal{C}^{k}-diffeomorphism fixing both origins) and double DD-coset classes DH/D={DhDhH}D \setminus H / D = \{ D h D \mid h \in H\}. Moreover, the set of all Ck\mathcal{C}^{k}-structures on L\mathbb{L} (up to a Ck\mathcal{C}^{k}-diffeomorphism which may also exchange origins) are in one-to-one correspondence with the set of double (D,±)(D,\pm)-coset classes DH±/D={DhDDh1DhH}D \setminus H^{\pm} / D = \{ D h D \cup D h^{-1} D \mid h \in H\}. In particular, in contrast with the real line, the line with two origins L\mathbb{L} admits uncountably many pair-wise non-diffeomorphic Ck\mathcal{C}^{k}-structures for each k=1,2,,k=1,2,\ldots,\infty.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2406.09576,
  title  = {Classification of differentiable structures on the non-Hausdorff line with two origins},
  author = {Mykola Lysynskyi and Sergiy Maksymenko},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.09576},
  year   = {2024}
}

Comments

29 pages, 3 figures