English

Difference Galois groups under specialization

Rings and Algebras 2020-03-11 v5 Commutative Algebra

Abstract

We present a difference analogue of a result given by Hrushovski on differential Galois groups under specialization. Let kk be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero and X\mathbb{X} an irreducible affine algebraic variety over kk. Consider the linear difference equation σ(Y)=AY \sigma(Y)=AY where AGLn(k(X)(x))A\in \mathrm{GL}_n(k(\mathbb{X})(x)) and σ\sigma is the shift operator σ(x)=x+1\sigma(x)=x+1. Assume that the Galois group GG of the above equation over k(X)(x)\overline{k(\mathbb{X})}(x) is defined over k(X)k(\mathbb{X}) i.e. the vanishing ideal of GG is generated by a finite set Sk(X)[X,1/det(X)]S\subset k(\mathbb{X})[X,1/\det(X)]. For a cX{\bf c}\in \mathbb{X}, denote by vcv_{\bf c} the map from k[X]k[\mathbb{X}] to kk given by vc(f)=f(c)v_{\bf c}(f)=f({\bf c}) for any fk[X]f\in k[\mathbb{X}]. We prove that the set of cX{\bf c}\in \mathbb{X} satisfying that vc(A)v_{\bf c}(A) and vc(S)v_{\bf c}(S) are well-defined and the affine variety in GLn(k)\mathrm{GL}_n(k) defined by vc(S)v_{\bf c}(S) is the Galois group of σ(Y)=vc(A)Y\sigma(Y)=v_{\bf c}(A)Y over k(x)k(x) is Zariski dense in X\mathbb{X}. We apply our result to van der Put-Singer's conjecture which asserts that an algebraic subgroup GG of GLn(k)\mathrm{GL}_n(k) is the Galois group of a linear difference equation over k(x)k(x) if and only if the quotient G/GG/G^\circ by the identity component is cyclic. We show that if van der Put-Singer's conjecture is true for k=Ck=\mathbb{C} then it will be true for any algebraically closed field kk of characteristic zero.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1708.07944,
  title  = {Difference Galois groups under specialization},
  author = {Ruyong Feng},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1708.07944},
  year   = {2020}
}

Comments

35 pages

R2 v1 2026-06-22T21:24:10.194Z