English

Density results for $r$-gaps between zeros of the Riemann zeta-function

Number Theory 2026-03-19 v1

Abstract

Let 0<γ1γ20<\gamma_1\leq \gamma_2\leq \ldots denote the positive ordinates of the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta-function. A result first announced by Selberg states that there exist absolute constants Θ,ϑ>0\Theta, \vartheta>0 such that for each rNr\in \mathbb{N}, lim supnγn+rγn2πr/logγn1+Θrαandlim infnγn+rγn2πr/logγn1ϑrα \limsup_{n\to \infty}\frac{\gamma_{n+r}-\gamma_n}{2\pi r/\log \gamma_n}\geq 1+\frac{\Theta}{r^\alpha} \qquad \text{and}\qquad \liminf_{n\to \infty}\frac{\gamma_{n+r}-\gamma_n}{2\pi r/\log \gamma_n}\leq 1-\frac{\vartheta}{r^\alpha} where α\alpha may be taken as 2/32/3, or as 1/21/2 if one assumes the Riemann hypothesis. This was recently proved by Conrey and Turnage-Butterbaugh under RH and by Inoue unconditionally. We prove that in fact a positive proportion of rr-gaps are large (and small) to the above extent, and we provide explicit estimates for the sizes and proportions of these gaps. In the case r=1r=1, this quantitatively improves an unconditional result of Simoni\v{c}, Trudgian and Turnage-Butterbaugh.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2603.17334,
  title  = {Density results for $r$-gaps between zeros of the Riemann zeta-function},
  author = {Tianyu Zhao},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.17334},
  year   = {2026}
}