English

Defining Upper and Lower Bounding Functions of $li(x)$ with $\displaystyle O\left(\sqrt{\frac{x}{\log(x)}}\right)$ Error Using Truncated Asymptotic Series

Number Theory 2024-08-21 v1

Abstract

We introduce approximation functions of li(x)li(x) for all xex\ge e: (1) liω,α(x)=xlog(x)(αm!logm(x)+k=0m1k!logk(x))\displaystyle li_{\underline{\omega},\alpha}(x) = \frac{x}{\log(x)}\left( \alpha\frac{\underline{m}!}{\log^{\underline{m}}(x)} + \sum_{k=0}^{\underline{m}-1}\frac{k!}{\log^{k}(x)} \right), and (2) liω,β=xlog(x)(βm!logm(x)+k=0m1k!logk(x))\displaystyle li_{\overline{\omega},\beta}=\frac{x}{\log(x)}\left( \beta\frac{\overline{m}!}{\log^{\overline{m}}(x)} + \sum_{k=0}^{\overline{m}-1}\frac{k!}{\log^{k}(x)} \right) with 0<ω<10 < \omega < 1 a real number, α{0,κlog(x)}\alpha \in \{ 0, \underline{\kappa}\log(x) \}, m=κlog(x)\underline{m} = \lfloor \underline{\kappa}\log(x) \rfloor, β{κlog(x),1}\beta \in \{ \overline{\kappa}\log(x), 1 \}, m=κlog(x)\overline{m} = \lfloor \overline{\kappa}\log(x) \rfloor, and κ<κ\underline{\kappa} < \overline{\kappa} the solutions of κ(1log(κ))=ω\kappa(1-\log(\kappa)) = \omega. Since the error of approximating li(x)li(x) using Stieltjes asymptotic series li(x)=xlog(x)k=0n1k!logk(x)+(log(x)n)xn!logn+1(x)\displaystyle li_{*}(x) = \frac{x}{\log(x)}\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\frac{k!}{\log^{k}(x)} + (\log(x)-n)\frac{xn!}{\log^{n+1}(x)}, with n=log(x)\displaystyle n = \lfloor \log(x) \rfloor for all xex\ge e, satisfies ε(x)=li(x)li(x)1.265692883422\displaystyle |\varepsilon(x)| = |li(x)-li_{*}(x)| \le 1.265692883422\ldots, by using Stirling's approximation and some facts about log(x)\log(x) and floor functions, we show that ε0(x)=li(x)li1/2,0(x)\displaystyle \varepsilon_{0}(x) = li(x) - li_{\underline{1/2},0}(x), ε(x)=li(x)li1/2,κlog(x)(x)\displaystyle \underline{\varepsilon}(x) = li(x) - li_{\underline{1/2},\underline{\kappa}\log(x)}(x), ε(x)=li(x)li1/2,κlog(x)(x)\displaystyle \overline{\varepsilon}(x) = li(x) - li_{\overline{1/2},\overline{\kappa}\log(x)}(x), and ε1(x)=li1/2,1(x)li(x)\varepsilon_{1}(x) = li_{\overline{1/2},1}(x) - li(x) belong to O(xlog(x))O\left(\sqrt{\frac{x}{\log(x)}}\right). Moreover, we conjecture that li0(x)π(x)li1(x)li_{0}(x) \le \pi(x) \le li_{1}(x) and li(x)π(x)li(x)\underline{li}(x) \le \pi(x) \le \overline{li}(x) for all xex \ge e, here π(x)\pi(x) is the prime counting function and we show that if one of those conjectures is true then the Riemann Hypothesis is true.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2408.10447,
  title  = {Defining Upper and Lower Bounding Functions of $li(x)$ with $\displaystyle O\left(\sqrt{\frac{x}{\log(x)}}\right)$ Error Using Truncated Asymptotic Series},
  author = {Jonatan Gomez},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2408.10447},
  year   = {2024}
}

Comments

17 pages, 1 Figure, 3 Tables