English

Clique covers of complete graphs and piercing multitrack intervals

Combinatorics 2024-08-09 v1

Abstract

Assume that R1,R2,,RtR_1,R_2,\dots,R_t are disjoint parallel lines in the plane. A tt-interval (or tt-track interval) is a set that can be written as the union of tt closed intervals, each on a different line. It is known that pairwise intersecting 22-intervals can be pierced by two points, one from each line. However, it is not true that every set of pairwise intersecting 33-intervals can be pierced by three points, one from each line. For k3k\ge 3, Kaiser and Rabinovich asked whether kk-wise intersecting tt-intervals can be pierced by tt points, one from each line. Our main result provides an asymptotic answer: in any set S1,,SnS_1,\dots,S_n of kk-wise intersecting tt-intervals, at least k1k+1n\frac{k-1}{k+1}n can be pierced by tt points, one from each line. We prove this in a more general form, replacing intervals by subtrees of a tree. This leads to questions and results on covering vertices of edge-colored complete graphs by vertices of monochromatic cliques having distinct colors, where the colorings are chordal, or more generally induced C4C_4-free graphs. For instance, we show that if the edges of a complete graph KnK_n are colored with red or blue so that both color classes are induced C4C_4-free, then at least 4n5{4n\over 5} vertices can be covered by a red and a blue clique, and this is best possible. We conclude by pointing to new Ramsey-type problems emerging from these restricted colorings.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2408.04308,
  title  = {Clique covers of complete graphs and piercing multitrack intervals},
  author = {János Barát and András Gyárfás and Gábor N. Sárközy},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2408.04308},
  year   = {2024}
}

Comments

15 pages, 3 figures

R2 v1 2026-06-28T18:07:28.827Z