English

Classic Nintendo Games are (Computationally) Hard

Computational Complexity 2015-02-10 v3 Computer Science and Game Theory

Abstract

We prove NP-hardness results for five of Nintendo's largest video game franchises: Mario, Donkey Kong, Legend of Zelda, Metroid, and Pokemon. Our results apply to generalized versions of Super Mario Bros. 1-3, The Lost Levels, and Super Mario World; Donkey Kong Country 1-3; all Legend of Zelda games; all Metroid games; and all Pokemon role-playing games. In addition, we prove PSPACE-completeness of the Donkey Kong Country games and several Legend of Zelda games.

Cite

@article{arxiv.1203.1895,
  title  = {Classic Nintendo Games are (Computationally) Hard},
  author = {Greg Aloupis and Erik D. Demaine and Alan Guo and Giovanni Viglietta},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1203.1895},
  year   = {2015}
}

Comments

36 pages, 36 figures. Fixed some typos. Added NP-hardness results (with proofs and figures) for American SMB2 and Zelda 2

R2 v1 2026-06-21T20:31:19.278Z