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Bonded Trajectories of the $3x+\gamma$ Problem

General Mathematics 2023-10-12 v1

Abstract

Fix γZ>0odd\gamma \in \mathbb{Z}_{>0}^{odd} and nZ>0n\in\mathbb{Z}_{>0}. We define the function Cγ:Z>0Z>0C_\gamma:{\mathbb Z}_{>0}\to {\mathbb Z}_{>0} such that if nn is odd, Cγ(n)=3n+γC_\gamma(n)=3n+\gamma; and if nn is even, Cγ(n)=n/2C_\gamma(n)=n/2. We define the characteristic mapping χγ:Z>0{0,1}\chi_\gamma: {\mathbb Z}_{>0}\to \{0,\, 1\} to be χγ(n)Cγ(n)mod2\chi_\gamma(n)\equiv C_\gamma(n)\, {\rm mod}\, 2. Let nn start an integral loop of length NN associated with the 3x+γ3x+\gamma Problem. Let ρ\rho and ν\nu be the count of the number of zeros and ones in a single period of B=(χγi(n))i0B = \left(\chi_\gamma^i(n)\right)_{i\geq 0}. In a single period of BB, let mjm_j denote the number of zeros between the (j1)(j-1)th and jjth one. Let Mn\mathcal{M}_n be the matrix associated to nn whose elements are the sequential products of 2mj2^{m_j} (e.g. (2m0,2m0+m1,2m0+m1+m2,...)(2^{m_0},2^{m_0+m_1},2^{m_0+m_1+m_2},...)). Let pp be a prime factor for all the terms in the integral loop starting with nn with multiplicity a>0a>0. Suppose also that pp is a prime factor of γ\gamma and 2ρ3ν2^\rho - 3^\nu with multiplicity bb and cc, respectively. Finally assume that c>bac>b-a. Then det(Mn)0(modp)\det(\mathcal{M}_n) \equiv 0 \pmod p. We do find examples of this property. Let ν\nu be prime. Let zj=2(mj+2mj+1+3mj+2+...)/νz_j = 2^{(m_j+2m_{j+1}+3m_{j+2}+...)/\nu} be a weighted arithmetic average of the mjm_j. We prove that if pp is a prime factor of 2ρ3ν2^\rho-3^\nu distinct from ν\nu so that the residue class p(modν)p \pmod \nu generates the whole group Zν\mathbb{Z}_\nu^{*} then pdet(Mn)p\nmid \det(\mathcal{M}_n) if and only if p(z1+...+zν)p\nmid(z_1+...+z_\nu) and for any 1i<jν1\leq i<j\leq \nu we have zi≢zj(modp)z_i \not\equiv z_j \pmod p. By this, we give an interesting property for the integral loop.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2310.07071,
  title  = {Bonded Trajectories of the $3x+\gamma$ Problem},
  author = {Benjamin Bairrington},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.07071},
  year   = {2023}
}

Comments

This was my masters thesis. However, due to the Covid-zero pandemic policy (2020-2023), I was not able to graduate. It seemed like a waste to throw it away, so I am submitting it here