English

An Explicit Entire Function of Order One with All Zeros on a Line and Bounded in a Half-Plane

Number Theory 2026-02-03 v2

Abstract

We construct a single explicit entire function Ξc(s)\Xi_c(s) of order 1, with all zeros provably on Re(s)=1/2Re(s) = 1/2, satisfying a functional equation Ξc(s)=Ξc(1s)\Xi_c(s) = \Xi_c(1-s), whose normalized form Zc(s)=Ξc(s)/[12s(s1)πs/2Γ(s/2)]Z_c(s) = \Xi_c(s)/[\tfrac{1}{2}s(s-1)\pi^{-s/2}\Gamma(s/2)] is uniformly bounded for Re(s)>1+δRe(s) > 1 + \delta yet satisfies suptZc(1+it)=+\sup_t|Z_c(1+it)| = +\infty. The function thus satisfies an analogue of the Riemann Hypothesis together with the sharp bounded/unbounded transition at σ=1\sigma = 1 characteristic of ζ\zeta. The transition is controlled by a Dirichlet series D(s)=eikθpksD(s) = \sum e^{-ik\theta} p_k^{-s} whose absolute convergence for σ>1\sigma > 1 and divergence at σ=1\sigma = 1 drive the dichotomy. The key technical input is a dyadic large-sieve estimate establishing the linearization condition that connects the Hadamard product to DD. The construction and proofs were developed in collaboration with Claude (Anthropic); see Acknowledgments.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2601.18687,
  title  = {An Explicit Entire Function of Order One with All Zeros on a Line and Bounded in a Half-Plane},
  author = {Ralph Furmaniak},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.18687},
  year   = {2026}
}