Define the map T on the positive integers by T(m)=2m if m is even and by T(m)=23m+1 if m is odd. Results of Terras and Everett imply that, given any ϵ>0, almost all m∈Z+ (in the sense of natural density) fulfill (23)km1−ϵ≤Tk(m)≤(23)km1+ϵ simultaneously for all 0≤k≤αlogm with α=(log2)−1≈1.443. We extend this result to α=2(log34)−1≈6.952, which is the maximally possible value. Set Tmin(m):=minn∈NTn(m). As an immediate consequence, one has Tmin(m)≤T⌊2(log34)−1logm⌋(m)≤mϵ for almost all m∈Z+ for any given ϵ>0. Previously, Korec has shown that Tmin(m)≤mϵ for almost all m∈Z+ if ϵ>log4log3, and recently Tao proved that Tmin(m)≤f(m) for almost all m∈Z+ (in the sense of logarithmic density) for all functions f diverging to ∞. Denote by τ(m) the minimal n∈N for which Tn(m)=1 if there exists such an n and set τ(m)=∞ otherwise. As another application, we show that liminfx→∞xlogx1∑m=1⌊x⌋τ(m)≥2(log34)−1, partially answering a question of Crandall and Shanks. Under the assumption that the Collatz Conjecture is true in the strong sense that τ(m) is in O(logm), we show that limx→∞xlogx1∑m=1⌊x⌋τ(m)=2(log34)−1.
@article{arxiv.2402.03276,
title = {An approximation of the Collatz map and a lower bound for the average total stopping time},
author = {Manuel Inselmann},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.03276},
year = {2024}
}
Comments
New version with changes of exposition of results. An outline of proof of main result added. Approximation result for Syracuse map added. Further references added