English

Values of binary partition function represented by a sum of three squares

Number Theory 2022-12-01 v1 Combinatorics

Abstract

Let mm be a positive integer and bm(n)b_{m}(n) be the number of partitions of nn with parts being powers of 2, where each part can take mm colors. We show that if m=2k1m=2^{k}-1, then there exists the natural density of integers nn such that bm(n)b_{m}(n) can not be represented as a sum of three squares and it is equal to 1/121/12 for k=1,2k=1, 2 and 1/61/6 for k3k\geq 3. In particular, for m=1m=1 the equation b1(n)=x2+y2+z2b_{1}(n)=x^2+y^2+z^2 has a solution in integers if and only if nn is not of the form 22k+2(8s+2ts+3)+i2^{2k+2}(8s+2t_{s}+3)+i for i=0,1i=0, 1 and k,sk, s are non-negative integers, and where tnt_{n} is the nnth term in the Prouhet-Thue-Morse sequence. A similar characterization is obtained for the solutions in nn of the equation b2k1(n)=x2+y2+z2b_{2^k-1}(n)=x^2+y^2+z^2.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2211.16622,
  title  = {Values of binary partition function represented by a sum of three squares},
  author = {Bartosz Sobolewski and Maciej Ulas},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.16622},
  year   = {2022}
}

Comments

24 pages, 4 figures

R2 v1 2026-06-28T07:17:24.339Z