English

Synthesizing Context-free Grammars from Recurrent Neural Networks (Extended Version)

Formal Languages and Automata Theory 2021-03-30 v3 Machine Learning

Abstract

We present an algorithm for extracting a subclass of the context free grammars (CFGs) from a trained recurrent neural network (RNN). We develop a new framework, pattern rule sets (PRSs), which describe sequences of deterministic finite automata (DFAs) that approximate a non-regular language. We present an algorithm for recovering the PRS behind a sequence of such automata, and apply it to the sequences of automata extracted from trained RNNs using the L* algorithm. We then show how the PRS may converted into a CFG, enabling a familiar and useful presentation of the learned language. Extracting the learned language of an RNN is important to facilitate understanding of the RNN and to verify its correctness. Furthermore, the extracted CFG can augment the RNN in classifying correct sentences, as the RNN's predictive accuracy decreases when the recursion depth and distance between matching delimiters of its input sequences increases.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2101.08200,
  title  = {Synthesizing Context-free Grammars from Recurrent Neural Networks (Extended Version)},
  author = {Daniel M. Yellin and Gail Weiss},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2101.08200},
  year   = {2021}
}

Comments

Extended version of paper to appear in TACAS 2021

R2 v1 2026-06-23T22:21:30.714Z