English

Surprising symmetries in 132-avoiding permutations

Combinatorics 2012-02-10 v1

Abstract

We prove that the total number Sn,132(q)S_{n,132}(q) of copies of the pattern qq in all 132-avoiding permutations of length nn is the same for q=231q=231, q=312q=312, or q=213q=213. We provide a combinatorial proof for this unexpected threefold symmetry. We then significantly generalize this result to show an exponential number of different pairs of patterns qq and qq' of length kk for which Sn,132(q)=Sn,132(q)S_{n,132}(q)=S_{n,132}(q') and the equality is non-trivial.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.1202.2023,
  title  = {Surprising symmetries in 132-avoiding permutations},
  author = {Miklos Bona},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1202.2023},
  year   = {2012}
}

Comments

11 pages, 5 figures

R2 v1 2026-06-21T20:17:12.253Z