Strong convergence: a short survey
Probability
2025-10-15 v1 Combinatorics
Differential Geometry
Operator Algebras
Spectral Theory
Abstract
A family of random matrices is said to converge strongly to a limiting family of operators if the operator norm of every noncommutative polynomial of the matrices converges to that of the limiting operators. Recent developments surrounding the strong convergence phenomenon have led to new progress on important problems in random graphs, geometry, operator algebras, and applied mathematics. We review classical and recent results in this area, and their applications to various areas of mathematics.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2510.12520,
title = {Strong convergence: a short survey},
author = {Ramon van Handel},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.12520},
year = {2025}
}
Comments
20 pages; to appear in the Proceedings of the ICM 2026