Semantic-VAE: Semantic-Alignment Latent Representation for Better Speech Synthesis
Abstract
While mel-spectrograms have been widely utilized as intermediate representations in zero-shot text-to-speech (TTS), their inherent redundancy leads to inefficiency in learning text-speech alignment. Compact VAE-based latent representations have recently emerged as a stronger alternative, but they also face a fundamental optimization dilemma: higher-dimensional latent spaces improve reconstruction quality and speaker similarity, but degrade intelligibility, while lower-dimensional spaces improve intelligibility at the expense of reconstruction fidelity. To overcome this dilemma, we propose Semantic-VAE, a novel VAE framework that utilizes semantic alignment regularization in the latent space. This design alleviates the reconstruction-generation trade-off by capturing semantic structure in high-dimensional latent representations. Extensive experiments demonstrate that Semantic-VAE significantly improves synthesis quality and training efficiency. When integrated into F5-TTS, our method achieves 2.10% WER and 0.64 speaker similarity on LibriSpeech-PC, outperforming mel-based systems (2.23%, 0.60) and vanilla acoustic VAE baselines (2.65%, 0.59). We also release the code and models to facilitate further research.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2509.22167,
title = {Semantic-VAE: Semantic-Alignment Latent Representation for Better Speech Synthesis},
author = {Zhikang Niu and Shujie Hu and Jeongsoo Choi and Yushen Chen and Peining Chen and Pengcheng Zhu and Yunting Yang and Bowen Zhang and Jian Zhao and Chunhui Wang and Xie Chen},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.22167},
year = {2025}
}
Comments
Submitted to ICASSP2026