English

On $2$-connected graphs avoiding cycles of length $0$ modulo $4$

Combinatorics 2025-07-18 v1

Abstract

For two integers kk and \ell, an ( mod k)(\ell \text{ mod }k)-cycle means a cycle of length mm such that m(modk)m\equiv \ell\pmod{k}. In 1977, Bollob\'{a}s proved a conjecture of Burr and Erd\H{o}s by showing that if \ell is even or kk is odd, then every nn-vertex graph containing no ( mod k)(\ell \text{ mod }k)-cycles has at most a linear number of edges in terms of nn. Since then, determining the exact extremal bounds for graphs without ( mod k)(\ell \text{ mod }k)-cycles has emerged as an interesting question in extremal graph theory, though the exact values are known only for a few integers \ell and kk. Recently, Gy\H{o}ri, Li, Salia, Tompkins, Varga and Zhu proved that every nn-vertex graph containing no (0 mod 4)(0 \text{ mod }4)-cycles has at most 1912(n1)\left\lfloor \frac{19}{12}(n -1) \right\rfloor edges, and they provided extremal examples that reach the bound, all of which are not 22-connected. In this paper, we show that a 22-connected graph without (0 mod 4)(0 \text{ mod } 4)-cycles has at most 3n12\left\lfloor \frac{3n-1}{2} \right\rfloor edges, and this bound is tight by presenting a method to construct infinitely many extremal examples.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2507.12798,
  title  = {On $2$-connected graphs avoiding cycles of length $0$ modulo $4$},
  author = {Hojin Chu and Boram Park and Homoon Ryu},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.12798},
  year   = {2025}
}
R2 v1 2026-07-01T04:05:28.652Z