Complex systems, such as the power grid, are essential for our daily lives. Many complex systems display (multi-)fractal behavior, correlated fluctuations and power laws. Whether the power-grid frequency, an indicator about the balance on supply and demand in the electricity grid, also displays such complexity remains a mostly open question. Within the present article, we utilize highly resolved measurements to quantify the properties of the power-grid frequency. We show that below 1 second, the dynamics may fundamentally change, including a suddenly increasing power spectral density, emergence of multifractality and a change of correlation behavior. We provide a simplified stochastic model involving positively correlated noise to reproduce the observed dynamics, possibly linked to frequency dependent loads. Finally, we stress the need for high-quality measurements and discuss how we obtained the data analyzed here.
@article{arxiv.2208.06379,
title = {Microscopic fluctuations in power-grid frequency recordings at the sub-second scale},
author = {Benjamin Schäfer and Leonardo Rydin Gorjão and G. Cigdem Yalcin and Ellen Förstner and Richard Jumar and Heiko Maass and Uwe Kühnapfel and Veit Hagenmeyer},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2208.06379},
year = {2022}
}