English

$\mathbb{Z}$-disks in $\mathbb{C} P^2$

Geometric Topology 2024-03-18 v1

Abstract

We study locally flat disks in (CP2):=(CP2)B4˚(\mathbb{C} P^2)^\circ:=(\mathbb{C} P^2)\setminus \mathring{B^4} with boundary a fixed knot KK and whose complement has fundamental group Z\mathbb{Z}. We show that up to topological isotopy rel. boundary, such disks necessarily arise by performing a positive crossing change on KK to an Alexander polynomial one knot and capping off with a Z\mathbb{Z}-disk in D4.D^4. Such a crossing change determines a loop in S3KS^3 \setminus K and we prove that the homology class of its lift to the infinite cyclic cover leads to a complete invariant of the disk. We prove that this determines a bijection between the set of rel. boundary topological isotopy classes of Z\mathbb{Z}-disks with boundary KK and a quotient of the set of unitary units of the ring Z[t±1]/(ΔK)\mathbb{Z}[t^{\pm 1}]/(\Delta_K). Number-theoretic considerations allow us to deduce that a knot KS3K \subset S^3 with quadratic Alexander polynomial bounds 0,1,2,40,1,2,4, or infinitely many Z\mathbb{Z}-disks in (CP2)(\mathbb{C} P^2)^\circ. This leads to the first examples of knots bounding infinitely many topologically distinct disks whose exteriors have the same fundamental group and equivariant intersection form. Finally we give several examples where these disks are realized smoothly.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2403.10080,
  title  = {$\mathbb{Z}$-disks in $\mathbb{C} P^2$},
  author = {Anthony Conway and Irving Dai and Maggie Miller},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.10080},
  year   = {2024}
}

Comments

40 pages, 9 figures

R2 v1 2026-06-28T15:21:22.715Z