English

Higgs in The Cosmos

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology 2025-12-08 v1 General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology

Abstract

We explore the Higgs particle in the cosmic quark-gluon plasma (QGP) below the electroweak phase transition temperature TEW125GeVT_\mathrm{EW}\simeq 125\mathrm{\,GeV}. We show that Higgs is neither in abundance (chemical) nor in momentum distribution equilibrium in certain stages of the Universe evolution. Nonequilibrium originates in: For chemical nonequilibrium in the always present irreversible decays into virtual heavy gauge bosons, and; For T<25T<25\,GeV in relatively rapid 212\leftrightarrow 1 formation and decay processes yielding momentum distribution as created in these reactions. As heavy particles disappear, the minimal Higgs coupling to abundant low mass particles fails in 222\to2 (two-particle) scattering processes to assure a kinetic distribution equilibrium. The expansion of the Universe is by more than 10 orders of magnitude slower compared to microscopic processes. All other particles in the Universe are in full thermal equilibrium, with exception of the late in QGP evolution of the bottom flavor near to hadronization condition.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2503.03224,
  title  = {Higgs in The Cosmos},
  author = {Johann Rafelski and Cheng Tao Yang},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.03224},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

Presented at The XVIth Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum Conference, Cairns, Australia August 2024. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2502.03598

R2 v1 2026-06-28T22:07:24.400Z