Grid-Forming Control Based On Emulated Synchronous Condenser Strategy Compliant With Challenging Grid Code Requirements

Future power systems will include high shares of inverter-based generation. There is a general consensus that for allowing this transition, the Grid-Forming (GFM) control approach would be of great value. This article presents a GFM control strategy which is based on the concept of an Emulated Synchronous Condenser in parallel with a controlled current source with an explicit representation of the swing equation. The advantage of this control is that it can cope with challenging grid code requirements such as severe phase jumps, balanced and unbalanced Fault Ride-Through (FRT), main grid disconnection and black start. All these scenarios can be surpassed with a single control structure with no further logic involved (e.g. fault detection to turn on or off different control parts, freezes, etc.). The proposed strategy is evaluated via time-domain simulations of a 2-MW Battery Energy Storage System (BESS).