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Conditional Bounds for Prime Gaps with Applications

Number Theory 2025-09-01 v2

Abstract

We posit that dn2<2pn+1d_n^2 < 2p_{n+1} holds for all n1n\geq 1, where pnp_n represents the nnth prime and dnd_n stands for the nnth prime gap i.e. dn:=pn+1pnd_n := p_{n+1} - p_n. Then, the presence of a prime between successive perfect squares, as well as the validity of Δn:=pn+1pn<1\Delta_n := \sqrt{p_{n+1}} - \sqrt{p_n} < 1 are derived. Next, π(x)\pi(x) being the number of primes pp up to xx, we deduce π(n2n)<π(n2)<π(n2+n)\pi(n^2-n) < \pi(n^2) < \pi(n^2+n) (n2)(n\geq 2). In addition, a proof of π((n+1)k)π(nk)π(2k)\pi((n+1)^k) - \pi(n^k) \geq \pi(2^k) \ (k2,n1)(k\geq 2, n\geq 1) is worked out. The vanishing nature of Δn\Delta_n as nn goes to infinity is set, and used afterwards to achieve both limndn/pn=0\displaystyle{\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}d_n/\sqrt{p_n} = 0} and the twin prime conjecture. Also, question about the estimate pn<2jn2 (n6)p_n < 2j_n^2 \ (n\geq 6), where jnj_n counts the twin prime pairs up to pnp_n, is raised. Finally, we put forward the conjecture that any rational number rr (0r1)(0\leq r \leq 1) represents an accumulation point of the sequence ({pn})n1\left(\{\sqrt{p_n}\}\right)_{n\geq 1}, where {x}\{x\} acts for the fractional part of xx.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2412.12311,
  title  = {Conditional Bounds for Prime Gaps with Applications},
  author = {Jacques Grah},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.12311},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

31 pages, new section 9 deals with twin prime conjecture

R2 v1 2026-06-28T20:37:53.543Z