Climate change: across time and frequencies
Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
2025-09-29 v1 Econometrics
Abstract
We use continuous wavelet tools to characterize the dynamics of climate change across time and frequencies. This approach allows us to capture the changing patterns in the relationship between global mean temperature anomalies and climate forcings. Using historical data from 1850 to 2022, we find that greenhouse gases, and CO in particular, play a significant role in driving the very low frequency trending behaviour in temperatures, even after controlling for the effects of natural forcings. At shorter frequencies, the effect of forcings on temperatures switches on and off, most likely because of complex feedback mechanisms in Earth's climate system.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2509.21334,
title = {Climate change: across time and frequencies},
author = {Luis Aguiar-Conraria and Vasco J. Gabriel and Luis F. Martins and Anthoulla Phella},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.21334},
year = {2025}
}