Chebyshev's bias for modular forms
Number Theory
2026-01-16 v2
Abstract
We study Chebyshev's bias for the signs of Fourier coefficients of cuspidal newforms on . Our main result shows that the bias towards either sign is completely determined by the order of vanishing of the -function at the central point of the critical strip. We then give several examples of modular forms where we explicitly compute the order of vanishing of at the central point and as a by-product, verify the super-positivity property, in the sense of Yun--Zhang (2017), for these examples.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2509.04187,
title = {Chebyshev's bias for modular forms},
author = {Shin-ya Koyama and Arshay Sheth},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.04187},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
Updated version; minor typos corrected