English

$C^1$-robust homoclinic tangencies

Dynamical Systems 2026-05-04 v3

Abstract

The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we introduce standard blenders (special hyperbolic sets) and their variations, and prove their fundamental properties on the generation of C1C^1-robust tangencies. In particular, these blenders appear after CrC^r-small perturbations of any diffeomorphism having a heterodimensional cycle of coindex 1. Next, as an application, we show that unfolding a homoclinic tangency to a hyperbolic periodic point can produce uncountably many C1C^1-robust homoclinic tangencies, provided that either this point is involved in a coindex-1 heterodimensional cycle, or the central dynamics near it is not essentially two-dimensional. The result answers a question posed by Bonatti and D{\'i}az in \citep{BonDia:12b}.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2406.12500,
  title  = {$C^1$-robust homoclinic tangencies},
  author = {Dongchen Li},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.12500},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

accepted by Trans. Amer. Math. Soc

R2 v1 2026-06-28T17:10:13.453Z